Yes, with the modern high bypass turbofans the N1 compressor works as a huge propeller, it takes a big mass of air and gives it a relative small acceleration.

Around 70% of the air will bypass the core of the engine, only 30% of air will be compressed further and will eventually go through the combustion chamber.

CAT

Frontal passage

Microburst

Boots on the leading edges inflate (6 seconds) to break the ice dissipating it into the airflow.

Powered by the gyro pressure system.

None. The go around procedure is distinct from the take off procedure. You will still have an acceleration altitude, but you will not have a screen height, V1, Vr, V2, flap retraction altitude, etc.

GPWS is a central computer system that receives various data inputs on configuration, (radio altimeter) height/altitude and instrument landing system glide slope deviation and is able to alert the pilot when a dangerous situation is about to occur.

To increase the strength of the surfaces.

The same strategy is employed by plastic water bottles, by adding ridges to a surface you increase it's structural rigidity

A Mach trimmer automatically compensates for Mach tuck above Mcrit.

To notify the crew of the aircraft of a particular position on the IAP.

Locators have been largely replaced with Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), but they can sometimes be found associated with Outer or Middle Markers where they are referred to as Locator Outer Marker (LOM) or Locator Middle Marker (LMM).

Barber pole on the ASI, flying at a Mach number at altitude and audible warnings.

They provide at least 1000ft clearance over obstacles within 25NM of the homing facility.